Abraham Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address Essay

â€Å"So incredible is the light of solidarity that it can enlighten the entire earth.†-Baha’u’llah. In his Second Inaugural Address, Abraham Lincoln earnestly proposes that all people are more comparative than expected so as to uncover the reasons for the Civil War and to stress the way that the country ought to join as one. The similitudes of the North and South caused the war. Albeit the two gatherings â€Å"deprecated† and â€Å"dreaded† war, one side â€Å"accepted† war while the other â€Å"made† war. Lincoln’s utilization of parallelism accentuates the similitudes between the two gatherings, which at last are demonstrated to be the fundamental driver of the war. Alongside parallelism, anaphora likewise assumes a huge job inside Lincoln’s examinations of the two gatherings. He frequently rehashes words, for example, â€Å"both† and â€Å"neither,† which once more, accentuates the way that the two gatherings do, for sure, have likenesses. Since the two sides are so comparable, they neglect to recognize the way that war isn't required; the unpleasant emotions toward war where the two of them have are the very sentiments that keep them at war. The parties’ examinations make contact, which thusly â€Å"rends† them â€Å"by war.† Lincoln requests to power by over and again alluding to God. Lincoln proposes that the different sides are fundamentally the same as in light of the fact that the two of them put stock in the equivalent higher force. Since the two gatherings have faith in the equivalent higher force, it is simpler to arrive at a comprehension, and ideally, end the war. Lincoln’s utilization of absolute opposite thoroughly analyzes the two parties’ unpleasant emotions about war, and war itself. Their harsh emotions toward war made a war. Since the North and the South were so comparative, it made erosion, which was the primary driver of the Civil War. Despite likenesses or contrasts, the country ought to join as one. The best way to â€Å"heal the nation’s wounds† is met up as one country. Lincoln requests to convictions of solidarity. Lincoln’s constant reference to God and His relationship to everybody makes a sentiment of unity all through the country. Lincoln sets that everybody is the equivalent in God’s eyes, and in this way He treats them a similar way, paying little heed to what side of the country they dwell. Once more, Lincoln utilizes anaphora to underscore the ideaâ of unity. He utilizes words, for example, â€Å"both,† â€Å"neither,† â€Å"we,† and â€Å"all† for these reasons. Lincoln just uses particular words, for example, â€Å"I,† once to stay away from further partition of the country. All together for the â€Å"scourge of war† to stop, the country should change from being two separate parts, to one entirety. Lincoln’s claims to convi ctions of decency propose that neither one of the sides was in complete control. The country ought to be equivalent. He additionally utilizes positive lingual authority to give the crowd a feeling of expectation. Notwithstanding how comparative or distinctive the country is, it should in any case be joined together. The Civil War is a prime case of how one side’s misconception of another can make grating. â€Å"United we stand; partitioned we fall.†-Aesop. Abraham Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address Essay The United States Civil War was at first conflicted to bring the defiant South back in to the Union as indicated by Abraham Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address. In his discourse Lincoln says, â€Å"..to sparing the Union without war,† he implies here that at his first debut address, everybody was attempting to frantically maintain a strategic distance from a common war, yet at the same time would successfully support their motivation. Lincoln at that point proceeds to state, â€Å"..accept war instead of let it perish.† Here is discussing how the North changed as in they would effectively enable their motivation, to regardless of whether it implies war. Lincoln’s explanation behind why the war was initially begun was the way that the North realized war was the main choice to safeguard the Union See progressively: Satirical exposition about medications In spite of the fact that President Abraham Lincoln initially said the reason for the war was to shield the Union, he at that point expresses that the new motivation behind the war was to free the slaves. He says, â€Å"These slaves comprised an exceptional and amazing interest. All realized that this intrigue was, some way or another, the reason for the war.† Lincoln explicitly states here that slaves have all consistently been perhaps the best discussion of his time, and they wound up being the genuine motivation behind the Civil War. Liberating slaves had consistently been an issue in America, just now, carnage was being thrown so as to safeguard or maintain it. Lincoln’s post war plans for the Union are clear in this line, â€Å"let us endeavor on to complete the work we are in; to tie up the nation’s wounds; to think about him†¦to achieve†¦everlasting peace.† Abraham Lincoln splendidly composes here that regardless of whether he thrashes or wounds the South, he needs them back, as a piece of the nation. Likewise, in addition to the fact that he wants the South back, yet he needs them to return immediately. Lincoln’s principle objective was keeping the Union together, and he ensured his post-war plans proceeded with this thought. Abraham Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address Essay In Abraham Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address, he utilizes various sorts of expository systems to join a messed up country. During the hour of the discourse, it is four years into the Civil War and it is going to end. In this discourse, Lincoln utilizes mention, equal structure, and word usage to bring together the North and the South. An explanatory system that is seen all through Lincoln’s discourse is inference. He utilizes God and the Bible to show that the individuals both from the North and furthermore the South have similar qualities. Lincoln says, â€Å"Each searched for a simpler triumph, and an outcome less principal and dumbfounding. Both read a similar Bible and go to a similar God, and each summons His guide against the other. It might appear to be weird that any men should set out to ask a fair God’s help with wringing their bread from the perspiration of different men’s faces, however let us judge not, that we be not judged.† What Lincoln said was from the Bible, and a great many people could relate in light of the fact that a significant number of the residents were extremely strict. Lincoln additionally states, â€Å"†¦ Let us endeavor on to complete the work we are in, to tie up the nation’s wounds†¦Ã¢â‚¬  That was likewise an inference to the Bible, affecting the individuals to help fix the country and to help meet up as a country. Religion was critical to numerous residents of that time, so the strict suggestion utilized in the discourse was exceptionally viable. Another procedure utilized in Lincoln’s address was equal structure. The equal structure underscored what his objectives were for the country. For instance, he says, â€Å"to see the right, let us endeavor on to complete the work we are in, to tie up the nation’s wounds, to think about him who will have borne the fight and for his widow and his vagrant, to do all which may accomplish and esteem an equitable and enduring harmony among ourselves and with all nations.† Abraham Lincoln’s objective was to build up harmony again inside the different sides and to modify the country. Another case of suggestion was toward the start of the discourse when Lincoln stated, â€Å"All feared, everything looked to turn away it.† He stated, â€Å"all† to unite the two sides, saying that neither one of the ones needed to battle, yet now they need to meet up to fix the â€Å"broken nation.† Finally, Abraham Lincoln utilizes lingual authority to make a sentiment of solidarity betweenâ the individuals. In his discourse, Abraham says, â€Å"Both read a similar Bible and appeal to the equivalent God.† Lincoln utilizes the word â€Å"both† regularly in his discourse, which brings together the North and the South. It likewise says in his discourse, â€Å"†¦let us endeavor on to complete the work we are in†¦Ã¢â‚¬  That announcement reminds everybody that they’re all in it together by saying â€Å"us.† Diction all through Abraham Lincoln’s discourse includes onto the solidarity that was made by equal structure and mention. In Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address, he utilizes strict implication, empowering equal structure, and tedious lingual authority to bring together the North and the South. Lincoln’s objective when giving this discourse was not to commend the North’s win, however to bind together and to make harmony between the messed up country.

Financial Ratio Analysis of British Airways Free Essays

Presentation English Airways is the biggest universal aircraft on the planet. It is based at the busiest universal air terminal of the world named Heathrow Airport with holding 42% of land openings. It has a worldwide flight organize through accomplices, for example, American Airways in US and Qantas in Australia. We will compose a custom exposition test on Budgetary Ratio Analysis of British Airways or then again any comparative subject just for you Request Now It serves around 150 goals in somewhere in the range of 75 nations. English Airways is, through its auxiliary British Airways World Cargo the words twelfth biggest freight aircraft. English Airways world freight has worldwide fear openings through the British Airways flight courses. Because of downturn, British Airways confronted misfortune in the year 2008-09. So the organization took the choice to get converged with Lberia. Subsequently it announced half yearly benefit of 158m, first in most recent two years. In 2010 it uncovered the one-two punch of volcanic debris cloud from Iceland and lodge group strikes. English aviation routes announced a pre-charge loss of 164m, bigger than 148m misfortune it made in a similar period a year ago. Yet, they performed truly better toward the finish of the present year and picked up benefits. ND English Airways’ soonest antecedent was an Aircraft Travel Pvt. Ltd. It was found in 1916. On August 25, 1919 the organization initiated the world’s first booked universal aviation routes administration. In November 1936 British Overseas Airways Corporation was found. The drawn out help was begun by British European Airways in 1946. After the joining of British Overseas Airways Corporation and British European Airways, British Airways was found in March 1974. Organization was authoritatively joined in the year 1984. Company’s operational headquarter is arranged at Heathrow airbase. Organization serves to in excess of 150 top goals of the world and conveys around 32 million travelers on normal yearly. English Airways confronted many high points and low points during its excursion. Organization confronted misfortunes because of the strike of its group individuals. The strike proceeded for 22 days and drove organization to the evaluated loss of ?150m. In the wake of winning great benefits in the earlier years, it confronted colossal breakdown during mid of 2008 and it proceeded for around two years. In 2010 organization reported to converge with Lberia. Lastly on April 8, 2010 the mix was built up. After this blend, presently toward the finish of this current year it is evaluated that organization will have benefits. Blend of British Airways and Lberia will lead organization to incredible benefits. Execution is improving step by step. Execution of most recent a half year is much better than past timeframe. Money related Analysis Current Ratio: ?m Years2009-20102008-20092007-2008 Current Assets267423463148 Current Liabilities374041423244 Proportion0.710.570.97 Translation: This Ratio is to compute what resources we can go in to money. In current liabilities we check long haul borrowings, Bills payable and so on. The proportion in year 2008 was 0.97which descended in year 2009 to 0.57 and in 2010 it was felt down to 0.71. This shows the current assts are recouped in 2010 after tumbled down in 2009. Fast Ratio: ?m Years2009-20102008-20092007-2008 Fluid Assets257622193036 Current Liabilities374041423244 Proportion0.690.540.94 Translation: This proportion is to compute the fluid resources of the organization. In year 2008 proportion was 0.94 which decreased to 0.54 in year 2009 however by and by in year 2010 it returned to 0.69. The explanation for that present liabilities impacts proportion by implication. Stock Turnover: ?m Years2009-20102008-20092007-2008 Sale799489928758 Stock98127112 Proportion82days71days79days Translation: The normal number of Days Company hold the stock called stock days. In year 2008 the stock turnover was 79 days it slight descended in year 2009 to 71 days yet in year 2010 it again went as long as 82 days. Organization ought to course their stock and create money in little days for better development. Account holders Collection Period: ?m Years2009-20102008-20092007-2008 Debtors*365182135193450213890 Sales799489928758 Proportion23days22days25days Translation: Deal or interest in fixed resources is acceptable yet organization should check their account holders. This proportion assists with figuring that normal in what time organization get cash from indebted individuals. English Airways debtor’s assortment period in 2008 was 25days which descended in year 2009 to 22days and in2010 to 23days separately. It is acceptable sign for organization can gather cash in brief period. Banks Collection Period: ?m Years2009-20102008-20092007-2008 Creditors*365227395243090236520 Cost of Sales799489928758 Proportion29days28days28days Understanding: This proportion is practically same like debtor’s assortment period proportion the main distinction is that this proportion is to compute in what time organization pay to their loan bosses. In 2008ratio was 28days which stayed same in year 2009 it slight up in year 2010 to 29days. It shows that company’s notoriety is excellent for installment. % of Wages: ?m Years2009-20102008-20092007-2008 Wages*100134600146600143300 Sales799489928758 Proportion0.17%0.17%0.17% Translation: This proportion assists with figuring averagely how much organization spend to deal the products or offer the support. In year 2008 this proportion was 0.17% which remains likewise same in next two years. It implies company’s great administration can control the wages. Outfitting Ratio: ?m Years2009-20102008-20092007-2008 Present moment lib. overdrafts+ Long Term Lib. *100509700504900518400 Investor funds191316443033 Proportion267307171 Translation: In outfitting Ratio Company account it from significant level credits. In year 2008 this proportion was 171 yet in year 2008 it quickly up to 307in year 2009 however in year 2010 it again boil down to 267. It implies organization did well after 2008 to keep up their equipping proportion. Fixed Assets Turnover: ?m Years2009-20102008-20092007-2008 Sales799489928753 Fixed Assets752078027890 Proportion1.061.151.11 Translation: This proportion shows the expansion and decline in usage of company’s fixed resources. In year this proportion was 1.11 which slight increment in year 2009to 1.15 yet simply descend in year 2010 to 1.06. Fixed resources some way or another rely upon the offer of the organization. All out Assets Turnover: ?m Years2009-20102008-20092007-2008 Sales799489928753 All out Assets101941014811038 Proportion0.790.890.80 Understanding: This proportion assists with estimating that what is the proportion of company’s all out resources turnover. Company’s all out resources turnover was 0.80 which was only more in year 0.89 and in year it simply down in year to 0.79. Profit for Capital Employed: ?m Years2009-20102008-20092007-2008 P.B.I.T or (L.I.B.T)*100(53100)(40100)88300 Long haul Liabilities+ Share Capital647260067794 Extent (8.23)- (6.68)11.33 Translation: R.O.C.E proportion is the ideal method to compute the benefit of the organization. R.O.C.E of British Airways was 11.33 in year 2008 which got negative in next two years 2009 and 2010 to - 6.68 and - 8.23. It plainly mirrors that company’s income goes up yet its benefit tumbles down. It implies that organization went in misfortune in most recent two years. Net Profit %: ?m Years2009-20102008-20092007-2008 Net Profit*100%(23100)(22000)87500 Sales799489928753 Proportion(0.03)%(0.03)%0.10% Understanding: G.P proportion is the portion of the organization contrast with its deals. Net benefit is the edge on deals before deduct charge. In year 2008 company’s benefit was 0.10% however in next two years organization faces misfortune proportion 0.03% similarly. It implies that organization certainly not being fruitful to improve their income to make the benefit. Net Profit %: ?m Years2009-20102008-20092007-2008 Net Profit/(Loss)*100%(42500)(35800)69600 Sales799489928753 Proportion(2.45)%(4.46)%10.09% Understanding: Net benefit is the remained benefit after deduct charge. This sum is the net measure of the organization. English Airways finish up 10% net benefit in year 2008 yet in next two years 2009 and 2010 it shows the shortfall 5% and 10%. It shows generally speaking quality of the association. These proportions demonstrate that organization faces misfortunes from most recent two years. Minimal Ratio: ?m Years2009-20102008-20092007-2008 Net Profit/(Loss)(425)(375)680 Sales799489928753 Proportion(0.06)(0.05)0.08 Translation: Minimal proportion is to figure the edge of organization on net benefit. This proportion is entirely adaptable proportion. The peripheral proportion of the organization in year2008 was 0.08 however in next two years it goes in to negative (0.05) and (0.06). Since organization face misfortunes in these two years so it impact peripheral proportion of organization. Comprehending Ratio: ?m Years2009-20102008-20092007-2008 Investor reserves *100191300164600303300 Complete Assets101941014811038 Proportion18.7716.2227.48 Translation: This proportion plainly shows that the illuminating proportion rate is down from most recent multi year ceaselessly. In year 2008 the proportion was 27.48 which were acceptable yet after that in 2009 it came down to only16.22 however it begins recouping from a year ago. It is presently acceptable sign for organization. Resources Cover: ?m Years2009-20102008-20092007-2008 Absolute Assets101941014811038 Long haul Debt344630742751 Proportion2.963.304.01 Translation: Resources spread proportion of the organization is descending from most recent three years. In 2008 it was 4.01 yet in year 2009 it decreased to 3.30 in year 2010 it again tumbled down to 2.96. This is truly not a decent sign for the organization. List is illuminating that company’s resources are sharing high extent of obligations which demonstrates that investors are losing confidence in company’s execution. Working Ratio:?m Years2009-20102008-20092007-2008 Working Expenses822592127880 Net Sales799489928758 Proportion1.031.020.90 Translation: This proportion shows the general productivity of association. It is a significant proportion for any organization. In 2008 organization proportion was 0.90 which move up to 1.02 and 1.03 in years 2009 an

New Harry Potter Books Coming October 2017

New Harry Potter Books Coming October 2017 It looks like Harry Potter continues to be the magical gift that keeps on giving! Bloomsbury has revealed that they will be publishing two new Harry Potter books  on October 20th, 2017. The new books are to go along with the British Librarys celebratory 20th-anniversary  exhibition, A History of Magic. The exhibition opens this October and will run through February 2018. Following in the footsteps of releases like Quidditch Through the Ages and Tales of Beedle the Bard, the new Harry Potter books will revolve around the history  and workings of the magical world so many people have come to love, with added exhibition content and unseen material from Bloomsbury and JK Rowling herself. Harry Potter: A History of Magic  will be the official exhibition book, a hardcover coffee-table book with full-color illustrations and essays on various parts of the exhibition. The other,  Harry Potter, A Journey Through a History of Magic,  will be paperback and aimed at families, complete with activities and facts behind the real history of magic. Pottermore will publish both  ebooks simultaneously at a lower cost. The new Harry Potter books look like they may offer something a little different than weve had so far and give those of us far from the British Library a peek at the celebration.  Despite some fans growing disdain for what they view as an unnecessary  piling on of new Harry Potter books and content, there is no doubt that fans will still come out in droves for any chance to jump back into the beloved world for new discoveries and answers. Sign up to Today In Books to receive  daily news and miscellany from the world of books. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

Abortion And Its Effect On Society - 1272 Words

In society today, abortion takes place on a daily basis. Abortions have been a subject of medical, lawful, religious, and moral intrigue for a long time. As a legislative issue in the United States, abortion has been acknowledged and subsequently managed for many years. In the mid 1800s, every state that had developed at the time had also created some form of abortion law. To this day, 60% of abortion laws we face today were enacted in that period (Hardin, 1969). However, even before these restrictive laws were established, its effects on society and morals has been long recognized. Various denominations of Catholicism and Orthodox Judaism, for example, do not allow such procedures to take place, and deal out religious sanctions as a result. There has been debate on the issue by other growing denominations, with an expanding comprehension, on their part, of the personal and religious issues included, and the subsequent leadership of them assumed. Little research has been done, howeve r, on a relationship between the amount of education and abortion. While education opportunities play a large factor in demographics within society, it may also play a large role in abortion decisions. Education In a recent article issued by the Guttmacher Institute, a study has revealed some information on a surprising survey conducted in Brazil (Diaz, 2014). They have found that women with higher levels of education are more likely to have an abortion (and subsequently experience lessShow MoreRelatedAbortion And Its Effects On Society1822 Words   |  8 PagesAbortion in Society The modern world today is brought together by many different cultures, beliefs, thoughts, opinions and morals. Which makes life difficult at times and causes people to not get along when differences can not be set aside. 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Advantages And Disadvantages Of Being Mistreated Essay

Not only do I, but all of us have advantages and disadvantages in our lives based on the many different aspects of who we are. Some disadvantages will outweigh the advantages greatly and vice versa. However, just because a person may have advantages in their lives, does not overthrow or deny the disadvantages in their lives. The word privilege according to the feminist mind, is easily defined as a set of unearned benefits given to people who are appropriate for a specific social group. The reason why some of us in society are allowed privilege is because of the certain aspects of our identities. The different identities of people include race, class, gender, sexual orientation, language, geographical location, ability, religion, and more. Privilege or (advantage) is simply the opposite of oppression or (disadvantage) and it is often easier to notice our disadvantages over our advantages. Why is this the case? Being mistreated is more likely to leave a bigger impression on us than whe n we are treated fairly. It is weird how this works but it is true that we tend to notice the oppression we personally experience than the privileges we experience. Every individual in society is oppressed in completely different ways and it is important to consider all the possibilities in which we are oppressed. For me, being a young woman in this world is just one oppression that I experience every day and unfortunately being a woman alone makes my life difficult at times. Oppression isShow MoreRelatedInclusion Of A Special Education Student1243 Words   |  5 Pagesown thoughts and opinions and it’s important to hear what each side has to say to help all students in education. 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People feel secure in what they are doing during their everyday lives. Public order is in place to keep society as a whole safe from misdeeds. Public order is also a system in place that restricts some freedoms that people may want. Freedoms are the ideals in life that everyone can take advantage of no matter who they are. Individual rights are the rights

Language Paper Free Essays

Language is something that generally every human has as a form of communication. It can be in the form of verbal words, in the form of written words, or even in the form of signed words, but it is something that as humans we all use in one way or another. The need for language evolved as a way for people to express their thoughts, their feelings and emotions, and even their fears. We will write a custom essay sample on Language Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now Humans needed a way to communicate with each other to express things that normally couldn’t be expressed. This paper is going to set out to cover language. It will cover the definition of language and lexicon, as well as evaluate the key features of language. The paper with describe the four levels of the language structure and processing as well as analyze the role of language processing in cognitive psychology. While it seems so simple, language is a complex as well as fascinating cognitive function that will be explored more in this paper. Language and Lexicon If a person were asked to define language they would probably just comment on the fact of verbal communication. In fact the true definition of language is that it is a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols (Caplan, 2007). When a person talks about lexicon they are literally talking about a person’s vocabulary. According to Caplan, lexicon’s definition is that it is a language’s vocabulary or the language user’s knowledge of words (2007). As stated above language is a cognitive function that is actually part of a process called the linguistic process. The linguistic process allows a person to be able to not only produce communication, but to be able to understand it as well. This concept will be explored more throughout the paper. When people speak about the structure of language it is generally useful to think of it as having four levels. The four levels include, speech sounds or phonemes, words, sentences, and groups of sentences or texts (Willingham, 2007). The lowest level phonemes, which are basically speech sounds, are where the analysis of the sounds that make up words comes in. Phonemes are basically the individual sounds of speech that correspond to the letters in the alphabet of the person trying to use communication. If a person just looks at just the English language they would find that there are 46 phonemes. Worldwide a person would find about 200 phonemes (Willingham, 2007). Continuing on with the English language, the 46 phonemes that correspond with each letter of the alphabet combine in different ways in order to create the roughly 600,000 words contained in the English language alone. In each language there are certain rules when it comes to phonemes stating how the phonemes can be combined and where they can appear in a word (Willingham, 2007). An example of one of the rules in the English language is that a stop consonant cannot appear more than once at the beginning of a word. Phonemes are the first levels that are combined to create words, which are the second level. After that it goes into the third level in which words combine together to create sentences. Of course a person can’t just combine any words in order to make sentences, there are rules involved with this just as there are rules involved with making words. In order for a sentence to be understandable and be proper in structure a person must include proper grammar was well as proper order in the sentence itself. The last level of language structure and processing is grouping sentences together or making text. When a person talks about text they are referring to a group of sentences that combine together and that are related in order to make a paragraph or a group of paragraphs. In order to make a proper text there has to be a connection between the sentences involved in the text. The sentences in the text have to relate to each other, they have to make sense, and lastly they must have logical connections that make each sentence relevant to the previous sentence. Language is defined by five basic properties that are deemed critical for language. The properties include communicative, arbitrary, structured, generative, and dynamic. The first property, communicative, is a property because as it describes it permits one person to communicate with another person. Next in the properties is arbitrary, which is the fact that the relationship between language’s elements and their meaning is arbitrary. When it comes to symbols, arbitrariness is one of the key features. A sound can stand for a meaning, but as to which sound stands for which meaning is considered arbitrary (Willingham, 2007). While language is arbitrary, it is at the same time structured as well. Basically meaning the pattern of symbols is not arbitrary at all. Next is the fact that language is also generative. The basic units of language such as words can be used to build any number of meanings. Finally, language is dynamic because it is not just static. According to Willingham, language is changing constantly as new words are added and the rules of grammar slowly and subtly change (2007). Language Processing in Cognitive Psychology Language is a remarkable process when it is looked at on a cognitive level. As far as language is concerned, humans are the only being on earth that posses the ability to be able to communicate through language. When it comes to a person’s basic needs and desires a person has only to communicate them through words for them to be met. Another interesting fact is that a person is able to learn language rapidly and effectively through their childhood, yet as a person grows older language acquisition becomes harder for the person. When it comes to language processing it plays a key role in cognitive psychology due to the fact that it deciphers the way in which a person is able to communicate as well as process, store, and retrieve the language that they acquire. Conclusion When it comes to humans the primary tool of communication is language. Language is something that generally every human has as a form of communication. It can be in the form of verbal words, in the form of written words, or even in the form of signed words, but it is something that as humans we all use in one way or another. The need for language evolved as a way for people to express their thoughts, their feelings and emotions, and even their fears. Humans needed a way to communicate with each other to express things that normally couldn’t be expressed. Language is one of the remarkable cognitive processes that humans all share and without language it would be difficult to communicate with another person. Without the levels of language or the rules that are involved with it would probably be difficult for people to understand one another, much less communicate effectively with each other. References Caplan, D. (2007) Language: Structure, Processing, and Disorders. Retrieved November 10, 2010 from http://mitpress.mit.edu/catalog/item/default.asp?tid=4344ttype=2 Willingham, D.T. (2007). Cognition: The thinking animal (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Person/Allyn Bacon. How to cite Language Paper, Essays

Prescription Drugs free essay sample

A pharmacist is a person who is professionally qualified to prepare and dispense medicinal drugs. Pharmacists work in a hospital, clinic or community drug store. Pharmacist duties include constantly studying and learning about the properties and side effects of new drugs and communicating this information to doctors and patients. According to Mike Johnston in The Pharmacy Technician Foundation and Practices book pharmacy is the art and science of preparing and dispensing medication().According to the article â€Å"Pharmacists† on the Bureau of Labor Statistic internet site pharmacists dispense patients’ prescription medicine and offer advice on medicine’s safe use. Pharmacists verify instructions from physicians on the proper amounts of medication to give to patients and fill prescriptions. They check if the drug will interact negatively with other drugs that the patient is currently taking or the condition the patient may have. When the patient comes to pick up their prescription the pharmacist may instruct the patient on how to take the medication and the potential side effects of the medication. We will write a custom essay sample on Prescription Drugs or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The pharmacist must complete insurance forms and work with insurance companies to be sure that patients get the medicines they need. Pharmacists also oversee the work of pharmacy technicians and interns. Pharmacists may work with and teach other healthcare practitioners about proper medication therapies for patients (Bureau â€Å"Pharmacist†). According to the article â€Å"Pharmacist Facts and Tools† on the U. S. PharmD internet site, pharmacists participate in multidisciplinary clinical care teams (U. S. PharmD Pharmacists).Pharmacists take continuing education throughout their career to keep up with the latest advances in pharmacological science. According to the article â€Å"Pharmacists† on the Bureau of Labor Statistic internet site pharmacists must have a Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm. D. ) degree from an accredited school. Pharmacists must also be licensed. In order to become licensed one is required to pass two exams. One of the exams is in pharmacy knowledge and skills and the other is in pharmacy law in the state giving the pharmacy license.All Doctor of Pharmacy programs require applicants to have taken postsecondary courses such as chemistry, biology, and anatomy. Applicants must have two to three years of undergraduate study. Applicants must also have a bachelor’s degree for some programs. Pharm. D. programs usually take three to four years to finish. Courses in pharmacology and medical ethics are included in the Pharm. D. programs. Pharmacists must also have supervised work experiences in different settings, which include hospitals and retail pharmacies.In order to seek an advanced pharmacy position, such as a clinical pharmacy or research job, pharmacists must complete a one to two year residency following their Pharm. D. While some pharmacists that own their own store may choose to get a master’s degree in business administration others may get a degree in public health (Bureau â€Å"Pharmacists†). According to the article â€Å"Pharmacists† on the Bureau of Labor Statistic internet site from the year 2010 to 2020 the employment of pharmacists is expected to increase by twenty five percent. The employment as of the year 2010 is 247,900.The projected employment in 2020 is said to be 344,600. The employment change from 2010-2020 is 69,700. More people are expected to get insurance coverage for medications. Since the number of older people is increasing this occupation is in demand. New pharmacists should expect good job prospects because a significant number of pharmacists are expected to retire in the coming decade. Demand is likely to increase for pharmacists in physicians offices, nursing homes, and outpatient care centers as well. This is because older people use more prescription medicines than younger people use(Bureau â€Å"Pharmacist†).According to the article Pharmacists and Pharmacy Technicians: Facts and Figures on the Department for Professional Employees internet site about 10,000 baby boomers will reach retirement age every day over the next twenty years (Department Pharmacists). According to the article â€Å"Pharmacists† on the Bureau of Labor Statistic internet site more pharmacists will be needed to inform patients on how to use their medication safely as health care continues to become more complex and as more people are now taking multiple medications.The scientific advances will lead to new drug products. More people may get insurance coverage for their medications (Bureau â€Å"Pharmacist†). According to the article â€Å"Pharmacist Facts and Toolsâ₠¬  on the U. S. PharmD internet site, new drugs are appearing at a faster rate. Most of these new drugs have gained almost immediate widespread acceptance. This requires continual updating of the pharmacists information base and the need to maintain ongoing skills in counseling patients and other members of health care teams (U.S. PharmD Pharmacists). According to the article Pharmacists and Pharmacy Technicians: Facts and Figures on the Department for Professional Employees internet site employment for pharmacists between 2008 and 2018 is expected to grow faster than the average for all occupations. While demand has slowed down the last two years, overall, trends indicate that job openings created by employment growth and the need to replace workers who retire or leave will exceed the number of degrees granted in pharmacy.Pharmacy services are still in demand due to their structural importance in the health care delivery system, despite the tough economic times and decreasing sales growth. In the year 2008, independent and community pharmacies represented an $88 billion marketplace. They sold thirty-seven percent of all nationwide pharmaceuticals (Department Pharmacists). Pharmacists have very well salaries. According to the article Pharmacist on the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics internet site the median annual wage as of May 2010 for pharmacists was $111,570. Pharmacists receive $53. 64 per hour. Pharmacists in the lower ten percent earned less than $82,090 while pharmacists in the top ten percent earned more than $138,620. The majority of pharmacists work full time. This is due to the fact that pharmacies are often open at all hours. Some pharmacists may work nights and weekends (Bureau â€Å"Pharmacist†). According to the article Pharmacists and Pharmacy Technicians: Facts and Figures on the Department for Professional Employees internet site median earnings vary minimally for pharmacists when the specific type of employment is considered.In the year 2010, the median wages for pharmacists ranged from $107,530 to $112,860 in places such as drug stores, grocery stores, department stores, general medical and surgical hospitals, and other general stores (Department Pharmacists). Prescription drugs have their place in our medically advanced society. According to the article The Pros and Cons of Prescription Drugs on the Livestrong internet site there are a large number of disease that people would die from if it was not for prescription drugs.An unspecified amount of prescription drugs seem to make life easier when you have a small ailment such as the flu or a cough. Prescription drugs have a dark side as well. From too many prescription drugs dealt by the hands of responsible pharmacists and doctors can stem serious misuse, dependency and addiction. The pros and cons of prescription drugs must be carefully weighed before making a decision of whether or not to take them (Livestrong Pros). One advantage for prescription drugs are for cures and remedies. According to the article The Pros and Cons Of Prescription Drugs on the Livestrong internet site prescription drugs can often be the answer for life-threatening conditions including high cholesterol, high blood pressure or even cancer. There are a number of people whose lives are saved daily because of prescription drugs because these drugs help stimulate and mimic a well-functioning body. Without prescription drugs they would have a lower quality of life and even risk death (Livestrong Pros). Another advantage of prescription drugs are for short term solution.According to the article The Pros and Cons Of Prescription Drugs on the Livestrong internet site not all prescription drugs are used to treat serious illnesses. From time to time an unspecified amount of prescription drugs are used to treat small ailments with excellent success. Prescription drugs that are only used while the patient is sick includes antibiotics for infections, flu medication and prescription cough medicine. An unspecified amount of prescription drugs cure ailment, while other prescription drugs make it easier to live with so that the patient can tolerate the sickness.When dealing with short-term illnesses prescription drugs make life simply easier (Livestrong Pros). According to the article The Pros and Cons of the FDA Drug Investigation on the Fox News internet site an advantage of the Food and Drug administration is that public awareness may grow about drugs that are commonly misused. The Food and Drug Administration is now being held to a higher standard of disclosure, and this way the public can track its thinking and investigate processes rather than just being shocked by news reports of unpredicted black box warnings.This may lead to physicians being more cautious when prescribing new treatments without considering the potential adverse effects (Fox Pros). A disadvantage of prescription drugs is their potential to be addictive. According to the article Prescription Drugs on the N ational Institute on Drug Abuse internet site prescription drug abuse means taking a prescription drug that is not prescribed for a person, or a person taking prescription drugs for reasons or in dosages other than as they are prescribed. Abuse of prescription drugs can produce serious health effects, including addiction (National Prescription).According to the article The Pros and Cons of Prescription Drugs on the Livestrong internet site an unspecified amount of people who take prescription drugs that were only meant for a short amount of time find themselves dependent upon them unfortunately. Dosages, length of time on the prescribed drug and the type of prescribed drug can all contribute to the chance that the patient can become addicted to the prescribed drug. Drugs prescribed for insomnia and pain that are also narcotics especially put patients at risk for dependency.Unfortunately not all health professionals are as cautious and as careful as they should be when prescribing these drugs (Livestrong Pro). According to the article Prescription Drugs on the National Institute on Drug Abuse internet site commonly abused classes of prescription drugs include opioids, central nervous system depressants, and stimulants . Opioids are prescribed drugs used for pain. Opioids include hydrocodone (Vicodin), oxycodone (OxyContin), oxymorphone (Opana), propoxyphene (Darvon), hydromorphone (Dilaudid), meperidine (Demerol), and diphenoxylate (Lomotil) (National Prescription).According to the article Prescription Drug Abuse on the Kidshealth internet site opiods abuse can lead to vomiting, mood changes, decrease in ability to think, and even decreased respiratory function, coma, or death (Kidshealth Prescription). According to the article Prescription Drugs on the National Institute on Drug Abuse internet site central nervous system depressants include pentobarbital sodium (Nembutal), diazepam (Valium), and aplrazolam (Xanax) (National Prescription).According to the article Prescription Drug Abuse on the Kidshealth internet site central nervous system depressants have risks too. When a person abruptly stops or reduces the drug too quickly can lead to seizures. When a person takes these central nervous system depressants with other medication, such as p rescription pain killers, some over-the-counter cold and allergy medications, or alcohol can slow a persons breathing and heartbeat and even kill the person (Kidshealth Prescription).According to the article Prescription Drugs on the National Institute on Drug Abuse internet site stimulants include dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine) and Methylphenidate (Ritalin and Concerta) (National Prescription). According to the article Prescription Drug Abuse on the Kidshealth internet site abusing stimulants like most attention deficient hyperactivity disorder drugs may cause heart failure or seizures. These risks are increased when stimulants are mixed with other medications.When a person takes too much of a stimulant it can lead a person to develop a dangerously high body temperature or an irregular heartbeat. If a person is taking several high doses over a short amount of time may cause a drug abuser to be aggressive or paranoid. Even though stimulant abuse might not lead to physical dependence and withdrawal, the feelings these drugs give people can cause them to use the drugs more and more often so they become a habit that is hard to break (Kidshealth Prescription). Another disadvantage of prescribed drugs are misuse.According to the article The Pros and Cons of Prescription Drugs on the Livestrong internet site prescription drugs are subject to misuse by those who were not intended to take the prescribed drug. Once the prescription has been written out and filled, it is no longer in the doctors hands. In an effort to feel some of the side effects of the prescribed drug adults and teenagers take prescription drugs that were not intended for them. Having these prescription drugs in the home means easy access and pill-sharing among friends.Easy access to these prescribed drugs can cause serious injury and even death from misuse and overdose (Livestrong Pros). According to the article Prescription Drug Abuse on the Kidshealth internet site some people experiment with prescription drugs because they think the drugs will help them have more fun, lose weight, fit in, and even study more efficiently. In a 2009 survey from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention shows that prescription drug abuse is on the rise, with twenty percent of teenagers saying that they have taken a prescription drug without a doctors prescription.Abuse may also be because an unspecified amount of people believe that prescription drugs are safer and less addictive than street drugs. But prescription drugs are only safe for the individuals who actually have prescriptions for them because the doctor has examined these people and prescribed the right dose of medication for their specific medical condition (Kidshealth Prescription). The bottom line is that there is a time and place for prescription drugs. When a person takes the prescribed drug properly, the drugs can enhance a persons life and make ailments easier to deal with.On the contrary when a person misuses prescription drugs it becomes a problem in a society with a general attitude that if a doctor prescribes it, it must be suitable for anyone to take it. The usage of prescription drugs should be carefully monitored by health care providers. When prescription drugs are in a persons home the drug should be secured without easy access. The only person who should be taking a prescribed medication is the person whose name is on the prescribed bottle in the correct dosages.